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There are three underlying factors in this tragedy that resulted in the loss of hundreds of lives. In numerous ferry incidents that occurred around the world in the last 150 years, captains and crewmembers have had a higher survival rate than passengers. When facing the risk of death, crewmembers put their own survival ahead of their duty to rescue passengers as shown in studies. Why did the passengers on the Sewol Ferry act too late to escape from the sinking ship? Why were announcements made over the loudspeakers that kept ordering passengers to stay calmly in their cabins up until the point when the ferry was leaning heavily to one side?

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